ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a pastagem, o desempenho, o conforto térmico e os parâmetros hematológicos de bovinos Nelore na fase de terminação em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária com duas densidades de árvores (ILPF-1L= 196 árvores ha-1 e ILPF-3L=448 árvores ha-1) e em pleno sol (ILP). Foram avaliados a massa e a composição morfológica da forragem, o ganho médio diário, o ganho de peso por área e a taxa de lotação no verão e no outono, bem como as variáveis climáticas dos sistemas em três horários e parâmetros hematológicos dos animais (n=60). A massa de forragem foi superior no tratamento ILP e no verão (P<0,05). Porém, a redução da massa de forragem nos sistemas ILPFs não interferiu no desempenho dos animais (P>0,05). A temperatura ambiente, a temperatura do globo e o índice de temperatura e umidade foram melhores nos tratamentos com sombreamento e no período da manhã, proporcionando maior conforto aos animais, sendo ainda confirmado pelo menor volume globular dos bovinos em ILP (P<0,05). Conclui-se que os sistemas com componente arbóreo diminuem a massa de forragem, mas essa redução não altera o desempenho dos animais na fase de terminação. Além disso, os sistemas ILPFs melhoram o conforto térmico, entretanto essa melhora não foi suficiente para favorecer o desempenho.(AU)
The objective of this work was to evaluate pasture, performace, thermal comfort, and haematological parameters of Nellore cattle in the finishing phase in integrated crop-livestock systems with two tree densities (ICLF-1L= 196 ha -1 trees and ICLF-3L= 448 ha -1 trees) and in full sun (ICL). The forage mass morphological composition of the pasture average daily gain, weight gain per area, stocking rate of the animals were evaluated in summer and autumn, and the climatic variables of systems we evaluated at three different times, and haematological parameters of the animals (n= 60). The forage mass was higher in the ICL treatment and summer (P<0.05). However, the reduction of the forage mass in the ILPFs systems did not interfere with the performance of the animals (P>0.05). Ambient temperature, globe temperature and temperature and humidity index were better in shade treatments and in the morning, providing greater comfort to the animals, and was also confirmed by the lower globular volume of the bovines in ICL (P<0.05). It is concluded that the systems with trees reduce the forage mass but this reduction does not alter the animals' performance in the finishing phase. In addition, ICLFs improve the thermal comfort of the animals, however, this improvement was not enough to favor their performance.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Animal Welfare , Weight Gain , Pasture/methods , Heat-Shock Response , Pinus taeda , Poaceae/anatomy & histology , Animal Husbandry/methodsABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to characterize the displacement patterns of Nellore cattle in areas of crop livestock and crop livestock forest integration systems with density of 196 and 448 eucalyptus ha-1. Paddock maps were drawn from satellite images of the experimental area. In each evaluated system there was one trained observer, that on the paddock map recorded the place the animals stayed every 10 minutes. The exploration of the area by the animals was observed for 12 hours, starting at 6 a.m. and ending at 6 p.m. The displacement of the animals in the ILP system during the evaluation was bigger than the ILPFs systems, resulting in greater exploration of the area, this fact was due the presence of trees that, for the animals resembled fences, limiting the exploration of the paddock in ILPFs. In the ILPF with higher density of trees, this behavior was more evident. In the period from 10:10 a.m. to 14:00 p.m. the displacement of the animals was decrease by the high temperatures in all systems, although it was more effective in the ILP system. It is concluded that the displacement of cattle is influenced by the presence and density of arboreal component integrated crop livestock system.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Behavior, Animal , Pasture , Forests , Eucalyptus , Animal Husbandry/methodsABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise on oxidative stress markers in a group of women with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to a group of healthy women (CT). Twenty-one women diagnosed with FM and 21 age- and weight-matched healthy women were enrolled the study. Plasma oxidative stress markers (primary outcomes) were evaluated at rest and after WBV, and included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), iron reduction capacity (FRAP), superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD), and catalase (CAT). At rest, the FM group had higher TBARS (P<0.001) and FRAP (P<0.001), and lower CAT (P=0.005) compared to the CT. In the CT group, the WBV had no effect on TBARS (P=0.559) and FRAP (P=0.926), whereas it increased both SOD (P<0.001) and CAT (P<0.001). In the FM group, the WBV reduced TBARS (p <0.001), FRAP (P<0.001), and CAT (P=0.005), while it increased SOD (P=0.019). There was an interaction effect (moments vs groups) in the TBARS (effect size=1.34), FRAP (effect size=0.93), CAT (effect size=1.45), and SOD (effect size=1.44) (P<0.001). A single trial of WBV exercise improved all oxidant and antioxidant parameters towards a greater adaptation to the stress response in FM women.
Subject(s)
Humans , Vibration , Biomarkers/blood , Fibromyalgia/blood , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Fibromyalgia/physiopathology , Case-Control StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Variation in annual rainfall is considered the most important factor influencing population dynamics in dry environments. However, different factors may control population dynamics in different microhabitats. This study recognizes that microhabitat variation may attenuate the influence of climatic seasonality on the population dynamics of herbaceous species in dry forest (Caatinga) areas of Brazil. We evaluated the influence of three microhabitats (flat, rocky and riparian) on the population dynamics of four herbaceous species (Delilia biflora, Commelina obliqua, Phaseolus peduncularis and Euphorbia heterophylla) in a Caatinga (dry forest) fragment at the Experimental Station of the Agronomic Research Institute of Pernambuco in Brazil, over a period of three years. D. biflora, C. obliqua and P. peduncularis were found in all microhabitats, but they were present at low densities in the riparian microhabitat. There was no record of E. heterophylla in the riparian microhabitat. Population size, mortality rates and natality rates varied over time in each microhabitat. This study indicates that different establishment conditions influenced the population size and occurrence of the four species, and it confirms that microhabitat can attenuate the effect of drought stress on mortality during the dry season, but the strength of this attenuator role may vary with time and species.
Resumo A variação anual na precipitação é considerada o fator mais importante que influencia a dinâmica populacional em ambientes secos. No entanto, diferentes fatores podem controlar a dinâmica populacional em diferentes microhabitats. A hipótese deste estudo é que as variações de microhabitats podem atenuar a influência da sazonalidade climática sobre a dinâmica populacional de espécies herbáceas em uma áreas floresta seca (Caatinga) no Brasil. Então, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de três microhabitats (plano, rochoso e ciliar) sobre a dinâmica das populações de quatro espécies herbáceas (Delilia biflora, Commelina obliqua, Phaseolus peduncularis e Euphorbia heterophylla) em um fragmento de Caatinga da Estação Experimental do Instituto de Pesquisas Agronômicas de Pernambuco, no Brasil, durante um período de três anos. D. biflora, C. obliqua e P. peduncularis foram encontrados em todos os microhabitats, mas elas estavam presentes em baixas densidades no microhabitat ciliar. Não houve registro de E. heterophylla no microhabitat ciliar. O tamanho das populações, as taxas de mortalidade e de natalidade variaram ao longo do tempo em cada microhabitat. Este estudo indica que diferentes as condições de estabelecimento influenciaram o tamanho das populações e a ocorrência das quatro espécies e confirma que microhabitat pode atenuar o efeito do estresse hídrico sobre a mortalidade durante a estação seca, mas a força desse papel atenuador pode variar com o tempo e a espécie considerada.
Subject(s)
Magnoliopsida/physiology , Desert Climate , Forests , Brazil , Population Density , Seasons , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
We report a case of severe pigmented keratitis with poor prognosis, caused by Cladorrhinum bulbillosum. Antifungal treatment with topical natamycin and fluconazole eye drops and oral tablet fluconazole failed to heal the ulcer and resulted in perforation. The causative fungus, C. bulbillosum, was identified on the basis of its typical microscopic features and 98% sequence homology to ex-type isolate CBS 304.90 (accession no. FM955448). The results of an in vitro antifungal susceptibility test indicated that the isolate was susceptible to natamycin, amphotericin B, fluconazole and itraconazole. The present case is the third case of keratitis and the second case of human keratitis. Compromised immunity due to liver cirrhosis could lead to a failed prognosis even when the fungal isolate is highly susceptible to antifungal treatment.
ABSTRACT
Myocardial contrast echocardiography has been used for assessing myocardial perfusion. Some concerns regarding its safety still remain, mainly regarding the induction of microvascular alterations. We sought to determine the bioeffects of microbubbles and real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RTMCE) in a closed-chest canine model. Eighteen mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to two groups. Nine were submitted to continuous intravenous infusion of perfluorocarbon-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin (PESDA) plus continuous imaging using power pulse inversion RTMCE for 180 min, associated with manually deflagrated high-mechanical index impulses. The control group consisted of 3 dogs submitted to continuous imaging using RTMCE without PESDA, 3 dogs received PESDA alone, and 3 dogs were sham-operated. Hemodynamics and cardiac rhythm were monitored continuously. Histological analysis was performed on cardiac and pulmonary tissues. No hemodynamic changes or cardiac arrhythmias were observed in any group. Normal left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial perfusion were maintained throughout the protocol. Frequency of mild and focal microhemorrhage areas in myocardial and pulmonary tissue was similar in PESDA plus RTMCE and control groups. The percentages of positive microscopical fields in the myocardium were 0.4 and 0.7 percent (P = NS) in the PESDA plus RTMCE and control groups, respectively, and in the lungs they were 2.1 and 1.1 percent, respectively (P = NS). In this canine model, myocardial perfusion imaging obtained with PESDA and RTMCE was safe, with no alteration in cardiac rhythm or left ventricular function. Mild and focal myocardial and pulmonary microhemorrhages were observed in both groups, and may be attributed to surgical tissue manipulation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Echocardiography/methods , Glucose , Microbubbles , Myocardium/ultrastructure , Serum Albumin , Infusions, Intravenous , Ventricular Function, LeftABSTRACT
Populaçäes de Anopheles triannulatus procedentes de Macapá (AP), Aripuanã (MT), Ji-Paraná (RO) e Manaus-Lago Janauari (AM) foram estudadas utilizando-se 16 locos enzimáticos. Os resultados mostraram maior polimorfismo (56,3%) na população de Macapá. A menor variabilidade foi verificada na população de Manaus (p = 25,0; Ho = 0,077 ñ 0,046). Os resultados das estatísticas F de Wright mostraram desequilíbrio decorrente de excesso de homozigotos (Fis > Fst), denotando certa diferenciação intrapopulacional. Embora as populaçäes sejam geneticamente muito próximas (D = 0,003 - 0,052), o dendrograma separa as populaçäes em dois grupos: Macapá separado de Manaus, Ji-Paraná e Aripuanã. Isto pode ser indicativo de redução no fluxo gênico, que possivelmente influenciou a subestruturação das populaçäes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anopheles , Genetic Variation , Isoenzymes , Alleles , BrazilABSTRACT
The relationship between the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and food intolerance is not clear. We studied the cutaneous response to food antigens in 43 volunteers who were students and employees of the Faculty of Medicine of Universidade Federal Fluminense. Subjects were divided into 3 groups after evaluation for Roma II criteria for functional disease of the gastrointestinal tract: group I, 14 volunteers with IBS; group II, 15 volunteers with functional dyspepsia; group III, 14 volunteers without habitual gastrointestinal symptoms. The subjects were submitted to the skin prick test with 9 food antigen extracts, for a total of 387 skin tests (9 per volunteer). Of the 126 tests applied to group I, 24 (19.4 percent) were positive (a 3-mm wider papule than the negative control) and of the 135 tests applied to group II, 3 (2.3 percent) were positive. Of the 126 tests applied to group III, 6 (4 percent) were positive. The number of positive responses obtained in group I (IBS) differed significantly from the other 2 groups (P < 0.01). None of the volunteers with IBS reported intolerance to any isolated food. The higher reactivity to food antigens in group I compared to groups II and III suggests that intestinal permeability may be increased in patients with IBS.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antigens , Food Hypersensitivity , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/etiology , Skin Tests , Food , Intestinal AbsorptionABSTRACT
Neste estudo investigamos a organizaçäo cromossômica de pacientes com retardo mental e/ou malformaçöes congênitas, visando a avaliaçäo de causas genéticas associadas a estes distúrbios. Os padröes de bandas GTG e CBG foram estudados a partir da cultura de linfócitos de sangue periférico, estimulados por fitohemaglutinina M. Dentre os 98 indivíduos portadores de retardo mental e/ou malformaçöes congênitas analisados, diagnosticamos as seguintes síndromes: 12 casos de Down, dois de Edwards, um de Patau, cinco de Turner, dois de Klinefelter, um de "cri-du-chat", e um caso de translocaçäo balanceada entre os cromossomos 13 e 14, um caso de cromossomo derivado e um outro de cromossomo marcador. Encontramos anomalias cromossômicas em 26 por cento dos pacientes, das quais 82 por cento eram alteraçöes numéricas e o restante (18 por cento) representou rearranjos estruturais. Este percentual significativo enfatiza o uso da cariotipagem de rotina em pacientes com retardo mental e/ou malformaçöes congênitas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Chromosome Aberrations , Genetic Counseling , Intellectual Disability , KaryotypingABSTRACT
Changes in the expression of genes were observed during development in populations of Anopheles (Anopheles) intermedius and Anopheles (Anopheles) mattogrossensis. Esterase showed seven zones of activity: EST1 was present in all developmental stages of both species; EST2 was observed only in larvae of A. intermedius and larvae and pupae of A. mattogrossensis, with greater activity in pupae; EST3 and EST5 were present in all development stages, with greater intensity in larvae; EST4 and EST6 showed weak activity in larvae of A. mattogrossensis and was not found in A. intermedius. Leucine aminopeptidase showed four zones of activity, of which LAP1 and LAP2 were found in all stages of A. intermedius, with highest activity in larvae, and in only of A. mattogrossensis. LAP3 was detected in all stages of A. mattogrossensis and in larvae only of A. intermedius. LAP4 was detected only in larvae and pupae of A. mattogrossensis, with greater intensity in pupae. Alpha-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase showed a single zone of activity, detected in older fourth-instar larvae and becoming more intense from the pupal stage onwards.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anopheles/genetics , Genetic Variation , Anopheles/enzymology , Brazil , Electrophoresis , Esterases/genetics , Esterases/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Leucyl Aminopeptidase/genetics , Leucyl Aminopeptidase/metabolismABSTRACT
A córnea está sujeita a traumas diversos que comprometem grandemente a visäo. No presente trabalho, procurou-se confrontar dois métodos de reparaçäo cirúrgica das lesöes em córnea e elucidar aspectos referentes à exeqüibilidade, eficiência e efeitos cicatriciais sobre a transparência corneana. Estudaram-se ceratoplastias por enxertos autógenos livres e pediculados de conjuntiva em ceratectomias experimentais em 22 cäes. Produziram-se lesöes corneanas lamelares, bilateralmente, sobre as quais aplicou-se fragmento conjuntival livre em um dos olhos e enxerto pediculado no contralateral. Os resultados clínicos demonstraram melhor evoluçäo para os pediculados, com menores graus de fotofobia, secreçäo, congestäo conjuntival, edema e neovascularizaçäo corneanos, ratificada pela microscopia óptica, com menor infiltraçäo celular e fibrose mais precoce nestes. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura evidenciou substituiçäo de epitélio conjuntival implantado por epitélio corneano normal, notadamente nos pediculados. A somatória dos achados sugeriu reparaçäo mais eficaz e precoce para os implantes com pedículo
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs/surgery , Conjunctiva , Transplantation, Autologous/veterinary , Corneal Transplantation/veterinaryABSTRACT
Estudaram-se comparativamente enxertos autógenos de conjuntiva pediculados e de córnea no reparo experimental de ceratectomias superficiais em cäes (Canis familiaris). Empregaram-se 24 animais e estudaram-se as técnicas segundo parâmetros clínicos, histológicos e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, em períodos precoces e tardios de pós-operatório. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as técnicas propostas säo exeqüíveis e, sobretudo, aplicáveis à cirurgia reparadora oftálmica. Houve poucas e irrelevantes diferenças entre as técnicas testadas
Subject(s)
Animals , Conjunctiva , Cornea , Dog Diseases/surgery , Transplantation, Autologous/veterinary , Corneal Transplantation/veterinaryABSTRACT
Descreve trabalho de educaçäo em saúde escolar realizado numa escola de 1§ grau da Rede Estadual de Ensino no Butantä onde pais, alunos e professores foram envolvidos em um processo de ensino-aprendizagem relacionado a três temas principais (adaptaçäo da criança a escola, morbidade do escolar, higiene pessoal e do ambiente físico). Analisa metodologia utilizada ressaltando sua importância no processo de desenvolvimento comunitário
Subject(s)
Health Education , Health Programs and Plans/organization & administration , Teaching Care Integration Services , Community Participation , School Health ServicesABSTRACT
Um estudo comparativo foi realizado com a metoclopramida no sentido de avaliar seu efeito antiemético em pacientes submetidos à cesariana sob anestesia peridural. Oitenta pacientes foram divididas ao acaso em dois grupos de 40 pacientes: grupo 1 recebeu metoclopramida 20 mg e o grupo 2 soluçäo salina como placebo. As substâncias foram administradas por via venosa antes da realizaçäo do bloqueio. Näo há diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos em relaçäo à idade, peso, nível sensitivo da anestesia, hipotensäo arterial e escore de Apgar dos recém-natos. A incidência de náusea e vômito foi bem menor no grupo tratado com a metoclopramida (5%) em comparaçäo com o grupo placebo (25%), estatisticamente significativo (p < 0,05). A metoclopramida é eficaz no controle profilático de náusea e vômito em cesarianas submetidas à anestesia peridural, mas o seu emprego rotineiro fica dependente de estudos do equilíbrio ácido-básico e comportamento neurológico dos recém-natos
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Anesthesia, Epidural , Cesarean Section , Metoclopramide/therapeutic use , Vomiting/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam 4 casos de hemangioma vertebral. Relatam a incidencia quadros clinicos e radiologico e o tratamento. Em apenas 1 caso houve comprometimento medular, Nos demais os hemangiomas foram achados radiologicos casuais